history of jakarta city

in etymology

Jakarta name used since the Japanese occupation in 1942, to call the former Gemeente Batavia Dutch East Indies government was inaugurated in 1905. [8] The name is considered as an abbreviation of the word Jayakarta (Dewanagari), which is given by the people Demak and Cirebon in under the leadership of Fatahillah (Faletehan) after attacked and occupied the port of Sunda Kelapa on June 22, 1527. This name is usually translated as "city of victory" or "city of glory", but the true meaning is "the victory by an act or effort".

Another form of spelling the name of this city has long been used. Portuguese historian João de Barros in da Décadas Asia (1553) mentions the existence of "another name Caravam Xacatara (Falkirk)". [9] A document (charter) from Banten (k. 1600) which read Van der Tuuk epigraphy experts have also been mentioned term Jaketra wong, [10] as well as Jaketra name is also mentioned in the letters Sultan of Banten [11] and Sajarah Bantam (Canto 45 and 47) [12] as investigated Hoessein Djajadiningrat. [13] Report of Cornelis de Houtman in 1596 called the Prince Wijayakrama as Jacatra van Koning (king Jakarta)

Sunda Kelapa (397–1527)

Jakarta was first known as one of the named port of Sunda Sunda kingdom Coconuts, located at the mouth of the River Ciliwung. The capital of the Kingdom of Sunda, known as Dayeuh Pakuan Pajajaran or Pajajaran (now Bogor) can be reached from the port of Sunda Kalapa for two days' journey. According to Portuguese sources, Sunda Kalapa is owned by one of the ports except the port of Sunda kingdom of Bantam, helter, Cigede, Tamgara and Cimanuk. Sunda Kalapa that in this text called Kalapa considered the most important ports because it can be reached from the capital city of the kingdom which is called by the name Dayo (in modern Sundanese language: dayeuh which means the capital city) within two days. Sunda kingdom itself is a continuation of the Kingdom Tarumanagara in the 5th century, so the port is estimated to have existed since the 5th century and is thought to be the capital Tarumanagara called Sundapura.

In the 12th century, the port is known as a busy port of pepper. Foreign ships coming from China, Japan, South India, and the Middle East is already docked at the port carrying goods such as porcelain, coffee, silk, cloth, incense, horses, wine, and dye in exchange for spices spices are a commodity trading time.

Jayakarta (1527–1619)

Portuguese is the first Europeans who came to Jakarta. In the 16th century, Surawisesa, king of Sunda request assistance Portuguese in Malacca to establish a fort in Sunda Kelapa as protection from possible attacks Cirebon that will secede from the Kingdom of Sunda. Efforts to requests for assistance to the Portuguese in Malacca Surawisesa was immortalized by the Sundanese in the story rhyme seloka Mundinglaya Dikusumah, where Surawisesa diselokakan with the title name Mundinglaya. But before the establishment of the fort are taken, which assisted Demak Cirebon directly attack these ports. Sundanese people call this incident a tragedy, because the attack membungihanguskan port city and killed many people there, including the port port of Sunda. Determination of the anniversary of Jakarta on June 22 by Sudiro, mayor of Jakarta, in 1956 is based on the tragedy of the occupation of the port of Sunda Kalapa by Fatahillah in 1527. Fatahillah change the city

Batavia (1619–1942)

The Dutch came to the White Rose around the end of the 16th century, after a stopover in Jakarta in 1596. White Rose at the beginning of the 17th abat ruled by Prince Jayakarta, one of the relatives of the Sultanate of Banten. In 1619, the VOC was led by Jan Pieterszoon Coen's troops occupied the White Rose after defeating the Sultanate of Banten and then changed its name to Batavia. During the Dutch colonization, Batavia developed into a large and important city. (See Batavia). For urban development, many Dutch import slaves as workers. Most of them are from Bali, Sulawesi, Moluccas, China, and the coast of Malabar, India. Some argue that they form a community is then known as Betawi tribe. At that time Batavia area includes only areas currently known as Old Town in North Jakarta. Before the arrival of these slaves, there were already Sundanese people who live in public areas such as Jatinegara The White Rose. While the tribes of ethnic immigrants, at the time of kolinialisme Netherlands, forming the respective communities. So in Jakarta there are regions like the former Chinatown community, Pekojan, Kampung Melayu, Kampung Bandan, Kampung Ambon, Bali Village, and Manggarai.
On October 9, 1740, riots in Batavia with the 5000 assassination of the Chinese. With these riots, many Chinese who fled the city and take the fight against the Dutch. [15] With the completion of Koningsplein (Gambier) in 1818, growing to the south of Batavia. April 1, 1905 in the capital city of Batavia formed two townships or gemeente, namely Gemeente Batavia and Meester Cornelis. In 1920, the Dutch built town Menteng park, and the region into a new place for the top brass in the north of the Netherlands to replace Molenvliet. In 1935, Batavia and Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) have been integrated into an area of ​​Manila. [16]
On January 1, 1926 the Dutch Government issued regulations for decentralization and deconcentration reform the system more widely. On the island of Java formed the autonomous provinces. Provincie West Java is the first province that formed the island of Java which was inaugurated by decree dated January 1, 1926, and promulgated in the Staatsblad (State Gazette) No. 1926. 326, No. 1928. No. 27 jo. 28, No. 1928. 438, and No. 1932. 507. Batavia became one Provincie residency in West Java Banten addition, Buitenzorg (Bogor), Priangan, and Cirebon.

Jakarta (1942–Sekarang)

Colonization by Japan began in 1942 and changed the name of Batavia to New York to attract the hearts of the population in World War II. The city is also the site of the Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia on August 17, 1945 and occupied the Netherlands until the recognition of sovereignty in 1949.
Prior to 1959, New York is part of West Java Province. In 1959, New York City to change the status of a municipality under the mayor be increased to the level one (Dati I), led by the governor. Who became the first governor was Soemarno Sosroatmodjo, an army doctor. Appointment of the Governor of Jakarta when it is done directly by President Sukarno. In 1961, Jakarta status changed from Region to Region Tier One Capital (DKI) and the governor still held by Sumarno. [17]
Since declared as the capital, Jakarta's population surged very rapidly due to the labor needs of almost all central government in Jakarta. Within 5 years more than doubled its population twice. Various pockets of new middle-class neighborhoods and then develop, such as New Kebayoran, Cempaka White, Pulo Mas, Tevet, and Pejompongan. Settlement centers are also a lot of built independently by the various ministries and state institutions such as Perumnas.
In the reign of Sukarno, Jakarta perform major construction projects, such as Bung Karno, Istiqlal Mosque, and the National Monument. At this time also Axis Merdeka-Sudirman-Thamrin began to be developed as a central business district, replacing shaft Merdeka-Monday-Salemba-Jatinegara. Center for the first major settlement made by the private developer is Pondok Indah (by PT Jaya Development) in the late 1970s in South Jakarta.
The rate of population growth is suppressed by the governor never try Ali Sadikin in the early 1970s by declaring Jakarta as a "closed city" for immigrants. This policy can not walk and forgotten in times of the next governor's leadership. Until now, Jakarta still have to wrestle with the problems that occur due to population density, such as flooding, traffic jams, as well as the lack of adequate public transportation.
In May 1998, riots in Jakarta which killed many ethnic Chinese. Building the MPR / DPR occupied by students who want reform. Aftermath of this riot is the decline in President Soeharto from the presidency