Twitter
Facebook
Flickr
RSS»» READMORE...
city liverpool and bristol
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan district in Merseyside, England. Liverpool is located next to cliffs east of the River Mersey Estuary in northwest England.
Liverpool was built on low hilly region, with Everton Hill area as high as 70 meters as the highest region. Liverpool urban area extends to Bootle and Crosby in Sefton area to the north, and to the region Huyton and Prescot in Knowsley area ebelah dis East. Liverpool faces Wallasey and Birkenhead across the River Mersey in the west. Liverpool city center is located about 8 miles from Liverpool Bay and the Sea Irelandia.
Liverpool are under by Kansil City of Liverpool, one of five Kansil in Merseyside Metropolitan Area. Liverpool is one of the major cities in the UK and has a population into five `terdbesar with a population of 441.477 in 2002, and for Merseyside conurbations, the population reached 1,362,026
Residents of Liverpool are called Liverpudlians and nicknamed "Scousers", which refers to 'Scouse', a dish of steamed. Scouse accent is now more associated with the people of Liverpool.
At the end of the 19th century, Liverpool's claim to be the "Port of the Second British Empire" (Second Port of the Empire) for controlling the amount of cargo at most second after London. Liverpool is also a center of industry, but in the 20th century, Liverpool lost perindustriannya base and its economy slumped. Now Liverpool's economy has risen again. Liverpool's famous as a center of culture, particularly to do with pop music; Liverpool adaah birthplace of The Beatles, Cilla Black and Gerry and the pacemakers. In 2008, Liverpool holds the title "Cultural Capital of Europe" (European Capital of Culture).
Bristol is a city and district (county) in the UK and one of the two administrative center of South West England (the other being Plymouth). Since the earliest days, its development related to the Port of Bristol, the first commercial port located in the city center, but has now moved to the Bristol Channel coast. Bristol extends to the coast and includes Avonmouth, where many ports are now located. Famous region in and around the city include Clifton, Filton and Patchway (the last two areas are outside koa, in South Gloucestershire).
Bristol is the eighth most populous city in the UK and to-11 in United Kingdom. He was once the largest city of the 2nd UK after London, until the rapid growth of Liverpool, Manchester and Birmingham, in the 1780s.
Liverpool was built on low hilly region, with Everton Hill area as high as 70 meters as the highest region. Liverpool urban area extends to Bootle and Crosby in Sefton area to the north, and to the region Huyton and Prescot in Knowsley area ebelah dis East. Liverpool faces Wallasey and Birkenhead across the River Mersey in the west. Liverpool city center is located about 8 miles from Liverpool Bay and the Sea Irelandia.
Liverpool are under by Kansil City of Liverpool, one of five Kansil in Merseyside Metropolitan Area. Liverpool is one of the major cities in the UK and has a population into five `terdbesar with a population of 441.477 in 2002, and for Merseyside conurbations, the population reached 1,362,026
Residents of Liverpool are called Liverpudlians and nicknamed "Scousers", which refers to 'Scouse', a dish of steamed. Scouse accent is now more associated with the people of Liverpool.
At the end of the 19th century, Liverpool's claim to be the "Port of the Second British Empire" (Second Port of the Empire) for controlling the amount of cargo at most second after London. Liverpool is also a center of industry, but in the 20th century, Liverpool lost perindustriannya base and its economy slumped. Now Liverpool's economy has risen again. Liverpool's famous as a center of culture, particularly to do with pop music; Liverpool adaah birthplace of The Beatles, Cilla Black and Gerry and the pacemakers. In 2008, Liverpool holds the title "Cultural Capital of Europe" (European Capital of Culture).
Bristol is a city and district (county) in the UK and one of the two administrative center of South West England (the other being Plymouth). Since the earliest days, its development related to the Port of Bristol, the first commercial port located in the city center, but has now moved to the Bristol Channel coast. Bristol extends to the coast and includes Avonmouth, where many ports are now located. Famous region in and around the city include Clifton, Filton and Patchway (the last two areas are outside koa, in South Gloucestershire).
Bristol is the eighth most populous city in the UK and to-11 in United Kingdom. He was once the largest city of the 2nd UK after London, until the rapid growth of Liverpool, Manchester and Birmingham, in the 1780s.
history mancester and brigmiham
Birmingham is a city and metropolitan district in West Midlands, England. Birmingham is the second largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1,001,200 (est. 2005)
history
mancester
Starting as a small town in 1166. Many industries thrive in Birmingham during the 18th century and 19th. Including the manufacture of weapons and food. Queen Victoria conferred the status of the city to Birmingham in 1889. Plays a major role in the war effort in World War I and II. However, the industry has diminished since the end of the war.
Manchester is a city and metropolitan districts in Greater Manchester, England. Its name comes from an old English word Mamucium and ceaster, itself derived from an old Latin word Castra. Its area is 115.65 km ² with a population of 441,200 souls (2007). Manchester city is divided into 32 districts (wards).
Football club Manchester United and Manchester City is headquartered in this city.
mancester
Starting as a small town in 1166. Many industries thrive in Birmingham during the 18th century and 19th. Including the manufacture of weapons and food. Queen Victoria conferred the status of the city to Birmingham in 1889. Plays a major role in the war effort in World War I and II. However, the industry has diminished since the end of the war.
Manchester is a city and metropolitan districts in Greater Manchester, England. Its name comes from an old English word Mamucium and ceaster, itself derived from an old Latin word Castra. Its area is 115.65 km ² with a population of 441,200 souls (2007). Manchester city is divided into 32 districts (wards).
Football club Manchester United and Manchester City is headquartered in this city.
history of the city of london (english)
London (UK spelling: [lʌndən]) is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. The city built by the Romans in the past and this used to be called Londinium on January 1, 2005 population of about 7.4 million people in the Greater London area and many millions more people in the metropolitan area.
London's population consists of various ethnic, cultural, and religious, as well as speaking in nearly 300 languages, making it the most cosmopolitan and dynamic cities in the world. London residents used to call himself Londoner.
London is also the basis of various organizations, institutions and influential companies in the world. London is also a mixture of tradition and technology, as well as one of the main tourist destination.
2012 London Olympics Logo
London is one of the world's great cities with New York, Paris, and Tokyo. London is also very developed in various fields such as finance, communications, and art. London also has various castles, museums, theaters, concert halls, galleries, airports, sports stadiums, and the palace.
On July 6, 2005, London managed to get the rights to host the Olympics in 2012. Earlier, London also had to host the Olympics 1908 and Olympics 1948.
history
The name London is estimated to originate from Londinium in Latin. The Romans founded the city that it became the capital of the province of Brittania at the time of Roman rule in Britain.
After the Roman Empire fell, the city was abandoned and in the 7th century, a Saxon town stood about 1 mile west of the modern with the name Lundenwic Aldwych. City of London Romans inhabited again around the 9th century and 10.
During its development, which was a city of Westminster itself, evolving along with London and became the largest city in England, although not yet become the capital. British capital until around the 12th century is Winchester.
London's population consists of various ethnic, cultural, and religious, as well as speaking in nearly 300 languages, making it the most cosmopolitan and dynamic cities in the world. London residents used to call himself Londoner.
London is also the basis of various organizations, institutions and influential companies in the world. London is also a mixture of tradition and technology, as well as one of the main tourist destination.
2012 London Olympics Logo
London is one of the world's great cities with New York, Paris, and Tokyo. London is also very developed in various fields such as finance, communications, and art. London also has various castles, museums, theaters, concert halls, galleries, airports, sports stadiums, and the palace.
On July 6, 2005, London managed to get the rights to host the Olympics in 2012. Earlier, London also had to host the Olympics 1908 and Olympics 1948.
history
The name London is estimated to originate from Londinium in Latin. The Romans founded the city that it became the capital of the province of Brittania at the time of Roman rule in Britain.
After the Roman Empire fell, the city was abandoned and in the 7th century, a Saxon town stood about 1 mile west of the modern with the name Lundenwic Aldwych. City of London Romans inhabited again around the 9th century and 10.
During its development, which was a city of Westminster itself, evolving along with London and became the largest city in England, although not yet become the capital. British capital until around the 12th century is Winchester.
history of the English state
inggris is the country's largest and most populous part of the states that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). The other countries are Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Often the English name used to refer to the whole country.
Britain's territory covers two thirds of the island of Britain, is bordered by Scotland to the north and west Wales.
In contrast to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the UK does not have a government and local parliament (DPRD level as) himself.
political
Political state is a sovereign territory with a single kingdom. The entire surface of the Earth (not including the territorial waters of the Antarctic coast) say shared between the state geography. Now there are 192 countries that diiktiraf Pertubuhan the United Nations 191 countries and the Vatican State.
Besides this, there is no sovereign territories of other countries who want diiktiraf as in the above purpose. Half of these countries have de facto Guard against anything regions and their populations, such as Abkhazia, but not mistaken for the state for not diiktiraf as having sovereignty. On the other side also, in half the countries in antarabangsa kewujudannya diiktiraf, there is no central ruling kingdom or kingdoms crowd there de facto. These kingdoms are not said to have its own state, but standing on the country concerned.
symbols of State
British national flag, known as St. George Cross, the flag of the country since the 13th century. Actually, the flag was used as the maritime territory of the Republic of Genoa. British monarch pays tribute to the Government of Genoa from the year 1190, so that British ships could use the flag as a symbol of protection when passing through the waters of the Mediterranean.
Britain's territory covers two thirds of the island of Britain, is bordered by Scotland to the north and west Wales.
In contrast to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the UK does not have a government and local parliament (DPRD level as) himself.
Political state is a sovereign territory with a single kingdom. The entire surface of the Earth (not including the territorial waters of the Antarctic coast) say shared between the state geography. Now there are 192 countries that diiktiraf Pertubuhan the United Nations 191 countries and the Vatican State.
Besides this, there is no sovereign territories of other countries who want diiktiraf as in the above purpose. Half of these countries have de facto Guard against anything regions and their populations, such as Abkhazia, but not mistaken for the state for not diiktiraf as having sovereignty. On the other side also, in half the countries in antarabangsa kewujudannya diiktiraf, there is no central ruling kingdom or kingdoms crowd there de facto. These kingdoms are not said to have its own state, but standing on the country concerned.
symbols of State
British national flag, known as St. George Cross, the flag of the country since the 13th century. Actually, the flag was used as the maritime territory of the Republic of Genoa. British monarch pays tribute to the Government of Genoa from the year 1190, so that British ships could use the flag as a symbol of protection when passing through the waters of the Mediterranean.
history of surabaya city
Surabaya is the capital city of East Java Province, Indonesia. Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta. With a population of metropolis that reaches 3 million, Surabaya is a business center, commerce, industry, and education in eastern Indonesia. Surabaya known as City of Heroes because of its history which is calculated in the struggle for Indonesian independence from the colonizers. Said Surabaya supposedly comes from the mythical story of the battle between sura (shark) and baya (crocodile) and eventually became the city of Surabaya
Surabaya was once the gates of the kingdom of Majapahit, which is at the mouth of Kali Mas. Even the anniversary of the city of Surabaya is set as the date of May 31, 1293. The day was actually a day of victory Majapahit led troops against the forces of Raden Wijaya envoy Kublai Khan's Mongol empire. The Mongols who came from the sea is described as Suro fish (shark / bold) and Raden Wijaya forces that come from the land described as Boyo (crocodile / danger), so it literally means the courage to face the dangers that threaten. So the day of victory is celebrated as the anniversary of Surabaya.
In the 15th century, Islam began to spread rapidly in the Surabaya area. One member of the Wali Songo, Sunan Ampel, establishing mosques and Islamic schools in the area Ampel. 1530, Surabaya became part of the Kingdom of Demak.
Following the collapse of Demak, Surabaya became the target of conquest of the Sultanate of Mataram, Panembahan Senopati invaded in 1598, was heavily damaged by Seda ing Panembahan Krapyak in 1610, attacked the Sultan Agung in 1614. Blocking the flow of the river Brantas by Sultan Agung Surabaya finally forced to surrender. An article in 1620 describing VOC Surabaya as a country rich and powerful. The length of the circle about 5 mijlen Netherlands (approximately 37 km), surrounded by canals and reinforced cannon. Year, against Mataram, his army of 30,000 soldiers [2].
Year 1675, Trunojoyo of Madura took Surabaya, but eventually sacked in 1677 VOC.
In an agreement between Pakubuwono II and VOCs on November 11, 1743, handed over his command to the VOC Surabaya.
tribe
The Javanese are the majority ethnic group in Surabaya. Compared with the Java community at large, The Javanese in Surabaya has a temperament that little bit harder and egalitarian. One reason is Surabaya away from the palace which is seen as a center of Javanese culture.
Although Java is a majority interest (83.68%), but Surabaya is also home to various ethnic groups in Indonesia, including the Madurese (7.5%), Chinese (7.25%), Arabic (2.04%), and the rest are of other ethnic groups such as ethnic Balinese, Batak, Bugis, Manado, Dayak, Toraja and Ambon or foreigners.
As an education center, Surabaya is also home to students from different regions from all over Indonesia, even among their own community also formed container. As a regional commercial center, many foreigners (expats) living in Surabaya area, particularly in areas of West Surabaya.
Surabaya was once the gates of the kingdom of Majapahit, which is at the mouth of Kali Mas. Even the anniversary of the city of Surabaya is set as the date of May 31, 1293. The day was actually a day of victory Majapahit led troops against the forces of Raden Wijaya envoy Kublai Khan's Mongol empire. The Mongols who came from the sea is described as Suro fish (shark / bold) and Raden Wijaya forces that come from the land described as Boyo (crocodile / danger), so it literally means the courage to face the dangers that threaten. So the day of victory is celebrated as the anniversary of Surabaya.
In the 15th century, Islam began to spread rapidly in the Surabaya area. One member of the Wali Songo, Sunan Ampel, establishing mosques and Islamic schools in the area Ampel. 1530, Surabaya became part of the Kingdom of Demak.
Following the collapse of Demak, Surabaya became the target of conquest of the Sultanate of Mataram, Panembahan Senopati invaded in 1598, was heavily damaged by Seda ing Panembahan Krapyak in 1610, attacked the Sultan Agung in 1614. Blocking the flow of the river Brantas by Sultan Agung Surabaya finally forced to surrender. An article in 1620 describing VOC Surabaya as a country rich and powerful. The length of the circle about 5 mijlen Netherlands (approximately 37 km), surrounded by canals and reinforced cannon. Year, against Mataram, his army of 30,000 soldiers [2].
Year 1675, Trunojoyo of Madura took Surabaya, but eventually sacked in 1677 VOC.
In an agreement between Pakubuwono II and VOCs on November 11, 1743, handed over his command to the VOC Surabaya.
The Javanese are the majority ethnic group in Surabaya. Compared with the Java community at large, The Javanese in Surabaya has a temperament that little bit harder and egalitarian. One reason is Surabaya away from the palace which is seen as a center of Javanese culture.
Although Java is a majority interest (83.68%), but Surabaya is also home to various ethnic groups in Indonesia, including the Madurese (7.5%), Chinese (7.25%), Arabic (2.04%), and the rest are of other ethnic groups such as ethnic Balinese, Batak, Bugis, Manado, Dayak, Toraja and Ambon or foreigners.
As an education center, Surabaya is also home to students from different regions from all over Indonesia, even among their own community also formed container. As a regional commercial center, many foreigners (expats) living in Surabaya area, particularly in areas of West Surabaya.
history of jakarta city
Jakarta name used since the Japanese occupation in 1942, to call the former Gemeente Batavia Dutch East Indies government was inaugurated in 1905. [8] The name is considered as an abbreviation of the word Jayakarta (Dewanagari), which is given by the people Demak and Cirebon in under the leadership of Fatahillah (Faletehan) after attacked and occupied the port of Sunda Kelapa on June 22, 1527. This name is usually translated as "city of victory" or "city of glory", but the true meaning is "the victory by an act or effort".
Another form of spelling the name of this city has long been used. Portuguese historian João de Barros in da Décadas Asia (1553) mentions the existence of "another name Caravam Xacatara (Falkirk)". [9] A document (charter) from Banten (k. 1600) which read Van der Tuuk epigraphy experts have also been mentioned term Jaketra wong, [10] as well as Jaketra name is also mentioned in the letters Sultan of Banten [11] and Sajarah Bantam (Canto 45 and 47) [12] as investigated Hoessein Djajadiningrat. [13] Report of Cornelis de Houtman in 1596 called the Prince Wijayakrama as Jacatra van Koning (king Jakarta)
Sunda Kelapa (397–1527)
Jakarta was first known as one of the named port of Sunda Sunda kingdom Coconuts, located at the mouth of the River Ciliwung. The capital of the Kingdom of Sunda, known as Dayeuh Pakuan Pajajaran or Pajajaran (now Bogor) can be reached from the port of Sunda Kalapa for two days' journey. According to Portuguese sources, Sunda Kalapa is owned by one of the ports except the port of Sunda kingdom of Bantam, helter, Cigede, Tamgara and Cimanuk. Sunda Kalapa that in this text called Kalapa considered the most important ports because it can be reached from the capital city of the kingdom which is called by the name Dayo (in modern Sundanese language: dayeuh which means the capital city) within two days. Sunda kingdom itself is a continuation of the Kingdom Tarumanagara in the 5th century, so the port is estimated to have existed since the 5th century and is thought to be the capital Tarumanagara called Sundapura.In the 12th century, the port is known as a busy port of pepper. Foreign ships coming from China, Japan, South India, and the Middle East is already docked at the port carrying goods such as porcelain, coffee, silk, cloth, incense, horses, wine, and dye in exchange for spices spices are a commodity trading time.
Jayakarta (1527–1619)
Portuguese is the first Europeans who came to Jakarta. In the 16th century, Surawisesa, king of Sunda request assistance Portuguese in Malacca to establish a fort in Sunda Kelapa as protection from possible attacks Cirebon that will secede from the Kingdom of Sunda. Efforts to requests for assistance to the Portuguese in Malacca Surawisesa was immortalized by the Sundanese in the story rhyme seloka Mundinglaya Dikusumah, where Surawisesa diselokakan with the title name Mundinglaya. But before the establishment of the fort are taken, which assisted Demak Cirebon directly attack these ports. Sundanese people call this incident a tragedy, because the attack membungihanguskan port city and killed many people there, including the port port of Sunda. Determination of the anniversary of Jakarta on June 22 by Sudiro, mayor of Jakarta, in 1956 is based on the tragedy of the occupation of the port of Sunda Kalapa by Fatahillah in 1527. Fatahillah change the cityBatavia (1619–1942)
The Dutch came to the White Rose around the end of the 16th century, after a stopover in Jakarta in 1596. White Rose at the beginning of the 17th abat ruled by Prince Jayakarta, one of the relatives of the Sultanate of Banten. In 1619, the VOC was led by Jan Pieterszoon Coen's troops occupied the White Rose after defeating the Sultanate of Banten and then changed its name to Batavia. During the Dutch colonization, Batavia developed into a large and important city. (See Batavia). For urban development, many Dutch import slaves as workers. Most of them are from Bali, Sulawesi, Moluccas, China, and the coast of Malabar, India. Some argue that they form a community is then known as Betawi tribe. At that time Batavia area includes only areas currently known as Old Town in North Jakarta. Before the arrival of these slaves, there were already Sundanese people who live in public areas such as Jatinegara The White Rose. While the tribes of ethnic immigrants, at the time of kolinialisme Netherlands, forming the respective communities. So in Jakarta there are regions like the former Chinatown community, Pekojan, Kampung Melayu, Kampung Bandan, Kampung Ambon, Bali Village, and Manggarai.
On October 9, 1740, riots in Batavia with the 5000 assassination of the Chinese. With these riots, many Chinese who fled the city and take the fight against the Dutch. [15] With the completion of Koningsplein (Gambier) in 1818, growing to the south of Batavia. April 1, 1905 in the capital city of Batavia formed two townships or gemeente, namely Gemeente Batavia and Meester Cornelis. In 1920, the Dutch built town Menteng park, and the region into a new place for the top brass in the north of the Netherlands to replace Molenvliet. In 1935, Batavia and Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) have been integrated into an area of Manila. [16]
On January 1, 1926 the Dutch Government issued regulations for decentralization and deconcentration reform the system more widely. On the island of Java formed the autonomous provinces. Provincie West Java is the first province that formed the island of Java which was inaugurated by decree dated January 1, 1926, and promulgated in the Staatsblad (State Gazette) No. 1926. 326, No. 1928. No. 27 jo. 28, No. 1928. 438, and No. 1932. 507. Batavia became one Provincie residency in West Java Banten addition, Buitenzorg (Bogor), Priangan, and Cirebon.
Jakarta (1942–Sekarang)
Colonization by Japan began in 1942 and changed the name of Batavia to New York to attract the hearts of the population in World War II. The city is also the site of the Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia on August 17, 1945 and occupied the Netherlands until the recognition of sovereignty in 1949.
Prior to 1959, New York is part of West Java Province. In 1959, New York City to change the status of a municipality under the mayor be increased to the level one (Dati I), led by the governor. Who became the first governor was Soemarno Sosroatmodjo, an army doctor. Appointment of the Governor of Jakarta when it is done directly by President Sukarno. In 1961, Jakarta status changed from Region to Region Tier One Capital (DKI) and the governor still held by Sumarno. [17]
Since declared as the capital, Jakarta's population surged very rapidly due to the labor needs of almost all central government in Jakarta. Within 5 years more than doubled its population twice. Various pockets of new middle-class neighborhoods and then develop, such as New Kebayoran, Cempaka White, Pulo Mas, Tevet, and Pejompongan. Settlement centers are also a lot of built independently by the various ministries and state institutions such as Perumnas.
In the reign of Sukarno, Jakarta perform major construction projects, such as Bung Karno, Istiqlal Mosque, and the National Monument. At this time also Axis Merdeka-Sudirman-Thamrin began to be developed as a central business district, replacing shaft Merdeka-Monday-Salemba-Jatinegara. Center for the first major settlement made by the private developer is Pondok Indah (by PT Jaya Development) in the late 1970s in South Jakarta.
The rate of population growth is suppressed by the governor never try Ali Sadikin in the early 1970s by declaring Jakarta as a "closed city" for immigrants. This policy can not walk and forgotten in times of the next governor's leadership. Until now, Jakarta still have to wrestle with the problems that occur due to population density, such as flooding, traffic jams, as well as the lack of adequate public transportation.
In May 1998, riots in Jakarta which killed many ethnic Chinese. Building the MPR / DPR occupied by students who want reform. Aftermath of this riot is the decline in President Soeharto from the presidency
history of the city malang
Malang is a city in East Java province, Indonesia. The city is located on the plateau is quite cool, is located 90 km south of Surabaya, and is surrounded by territory of Malang Regency. Malang is the second largest city in East Java, and known as student city.
Malang basin region has existed since ancient times into residential areas. Many rivers flowing around this place makes it suitable as a residential area. Dinoyo and Tlogomas unknown territory is an area of prehistoric settlement. [3] Furthermore, various inscriptions (eg Inscription Dinoyo), enshrinement of buildings and statues, traces of a brick foundation, a former drainage channel, as well as a variety of pottery recovered from the last period of the Kingdom Kanjuruhan (the 8th century and 9th) are also found in places adjacent. [3] [4]
The name "Malang" is still researched its origins by historians. While historians continue to explore the sources to get the right answers to the origin of the name "Malaysia". Until now it has acquired several hypotheses about the origin of the name of Malang. Malangkucecwara is written in the symbol of the city, according to one hypothesis is the name of a sacred building. The name of the sacred building itself is found in two inscriptions of King Balitung the inscription from Central Java Mantyasih year 907, and 908 inscriptions which were found in one place between Surabaya and Malang. However, where lies the true holy building Malangkucecwara it, historians still do not get a deal. One party thought it was the location of a shrine in the mountain area Burying, one that ran in the mountains east of the city of Malang where there is a mountain peak named Malang. Proving the correctness of this conjecture is still being implemented because it turns out, west of Malang city also has a mountain named Malang. The other suspect that the real location of the sacred buildings of the region, Overlapping, one place in the northern city of Malang. Until recently in the area there is still a village called Malangsuka, which some historians, probably derived from the spoken word Malankuca reversed. The opinions above are also corroborated by the many ancient buildings are scattered in the area, such as Candi Jago and Kidal temple, both of which are relics of the kingdom Singasari. Of the two hypotheses mentioned above are also not clear what would the former is known by the name derived from the name of Malang shrine Malangkucecwara it. Is the area around Malang now, or whether both are named Malang mountains around the area. A copper inscription found at the end of 1974 the banks of the plantation, Wlingi, southwest of Surabaya, in one part is written as follows: "... ... ... ... taning sakrid Malang-akalihan wacid opponent macu pasabhanira dyah Spleen Makanagran I ... ... ...". The meaning of the sentence above is: "... ... .. to the east of where hunting around Malang together wacid and mancu, namely rice Dyah Spleen ... ... ... "From the sound of the stele was Malang is one place to the east of the places mentioned in the inscription. From these inscriptions obtained a proof that the use of the name of Malang has existed at least since the 12th century AD. Previous hypotheses, perhaps different from the one opinion Malang suspect that the name comes from the word "Disputing" or "blocking" (in Javanese means Malang). Once Sunan Mataram who wants to expand its influence to the East Java have been trying to occupy the area of Malang. Area residents fought a great war. Therefore assume that the people of Mataram Sunan area to obstruct, deny, or poor on the intent of Sunan Mataram. Since it is also the area named Malang. The emergence of these Kanjuruhan kingdom, regarded by historians as an early milestone in the growth of the central government that until recently, after 12 centuries ago, has evolved into a city of Malang. After the royal Kanjuruhan, in the golden kingdom Singasari (1000 years after Christ) in the area of Malang is still found a prosperous kingdom, many of its inhabitants as well as agricultural lands are very fertile. When Islam conquered the kingdom of Majapahit around the year 1400, the duke of Majapahit fled to Malang area. He then founded an independent Hindu kingdom, which by his son fought for into one kingdom forward. Center of the kingdom which is located in the city of Malang is still visible remnants of building a solid fortress in the village named Kutobedah Kutobedah. Is the Sultan of Mataram from Central Java who eventually came to conquer this area in 1614 after obtaining a strong resistance from the residents of this area.
Like most other cities in Indonesia in general, modern Malang grow and develop after the presence of the Dutch East Indies colonial administration. Public facilities are planned in such a way as to meet the needs of the Dutch family. Discriminatory impression still a trace until now, for example,''''Boullevard Ijen and the surrounding region. At first only be enjoyed by families of Dutch and other Europeans, while the indigenous population had to settle for living in the suburbs with inadequate facilities. Residential area that is now a living monument and is often visited by descendants of Dutch families who had settled there.
During the colonial Dutch East Indies, made the region of Malang "Gemente" (the City). Prior to 1964, the symbol of the city of Malang there is writing; "Malang my name, go ahead goal" translation of "Malang nominor, sursum moveor". When the city celebrated its first birthday the 50th of April 1, 1964, the sentences are changed to: "Malangkucecwara". This new slogan proposed by the late Professor. Dr. R. Ng. Poerbatjaraka, because the word is very closely related to the origin of the Malang city on the Ken Arok about 7 centuries ago has become the name of a place around or near the temple is named Malangkucecwara.
Poor town began to grow and develop after the presence of the Dutch colonial government, especially when started at operasikannya railway in 1879. Various needs masyarakatpun increased space will primarily perform various activities. The result was a change in land use, areas that woke popping uncontrollably. Changes in land use changes very rapidly, such as from agriculture to residential functions and industries.
* In 1767 the Dutch East entered the City
* Year 1821 position of the Government of the Netherlands in focus around the time the Brantas
* In 1824 Malaysia had a Resident Assistant
* In 1882 the houses in the western part of town was established and the town square established in the wake.
* 1 April 1914 is set as the Township Malang
* March 8, 1942 the Japanese occupied Malaysia
* 21 September 1945 entered Malang Region of the Republic of Indonesia
* July 22, 1947 the Dutch occupied Malang
* March 2, 1947 the Government of the Republic of Indonesia re-enter the city of Malang.
* January 1, 2001, the City Government of Malang.
The name "Malang" is still researched its origins by historians. While historians continue to explore the sources to get the right answers to the origin of the name "Malaysia". Until now it has acquired several hypotheses about the origin of the name of Malang. Malangkucecwara is written in the symbol of the city, according to one hypothesis is the name of a sacred building. The name of the sacred building itself is found in two inscriptions of King Balitung the inscription from Central Java Mantyasih year 907, and 908 inscriptions which were found in one place between Surabaya and Malang. However, where lies the true holy building Malangkucecwara it, historians still do not get a deal. One party thought it was the location of a shrine in the mountain area Burying, one that ran in the mountains east of the city of Malang where there is a mountain peak named Malang. Proving the correctness of this conjecture is still being implemented because it turns out, west of Malang city also has a mountain named Malang. The other suspect that the real location of the sacred buildings of the region, Overlapping, one place in the northern city of Malang. Until recently in the area there is still a village called Malangsuka, which some historians, probably derived from the spoken word Malankuca reversed. The opinions above are also corroborated by the many ancient buildings are scattered in the area, such as Candi Jago and Kidal temple, both of which are relics of the kingdom Singasari. Of the two hypotheses mentioned above are also not clear what would the former is known by the name derived from the name of Malang shrine Malangkucecwara it. Is the area around Malang now, or whether both are named Malang mountains around the area. A copper inscription found at the end of 1974 the banks of the plantation, Wlingi, southwest of Surabaya, in one part is written as follows: "... ... ... ... taning sakrid Malang-akalihan wacid opponent macu pasabhanira dyah Spleen Makanagran I ... ... ...". The meaning of the sentence above is: "... ... .. to the east of where hunting around Malang together wacid and mancu, namely rice Dyah Spleen ... ... ... "From the sound of the stele was Malang is one place to the east of the places mentioned in the inscription. From these inscriptions obtained a proof that the use of the name of Malang has existed at least since the 12th century AD. Previous hypotheses, perhaps different from the one opinion Malang suspect that the name comes from the word "Disputing" or "blocking" (in Javanese means Malang). Once Sunan Mataram who wants to expand its influence to the East Java have been trying to occupy the area of Malang. Area residents fought a great war. Therefore assume that the people of Mataram Sunan area to obstruct, deny, or poor on the intent of Sunan Mataram. Since it is also the area named Malang. The emergence of these Kanjuruhan kingdom, regarded by historians as an early milestone in the growth of the central government that until recently, after 12 centuries ago, has evolved into a city of Malang. After the royal Kanjuruhan, in the golden kingdom Singasari (1000 years after Christ) in the area of Malang is still found a prosperous kingdom, many of its inhabitants as well as agricultural lands are very fertile. When Islam conquered the kingdom of Majapahit around the year 1400, the duke of Majapahit fled to Malang area. He then founded an independent Hindu kingdom, which by his son fought for into one kingdom forward. Center of the kingdom which is located in the city of Malang is still visible remnants of building a solid fortress in the village named Kutobedah Kutobedah. Is the Sultan of Mataram from Central Java who eventually came to conquer this area in 1614 after obtaining a strong resistance from the residents of this area.
Like most other cities in Indonesia in general, modern Malang grow and develop after the presence of the Dutch East Indies colonial administration. Public facilities are planned in such a way as to meet the needs of the Dutch family. Discriminatory impression still a trace until now, for example,''''Boullevard Ijen and the surrounding region. At first only be enjoyed by families of Dutch and other Europeans, while the indigenous population had to settle for living in the suburbs with inadequate facilities. Residential area that is now a living monument and is often visited by descendants of Dutch families who had settled there.
During the colonial Dutch East Indies, made the region of Malang "Gemente" (the City). Prior to 1964, the symbol of the city of Malang there is writing; "Malang my name, go ahead goal" translation of "Malang nominor, sursum moveor". When the city celebrated its first birthday the 50th of April 1, 1964, the sentences are changed to: "Malangkucecwara". This new slogan proposed by the late Professor. Dr. R. Ng. Poerbatjaraka, because the word is very closely related to the origin of the Malang city on the Ken Arok about 7 centuries ago has become the name of a place around or near the temple is named Malangkucecwara.
Poor town began to grow and develop after the presence of the Dutch colonial government, especially when started at operasikannya railway in 1879. Various needs masyarakatpun increased space will primarily perform various activities. The result was a change in land use, areas that woke popping uncontrollably. Changes in land use changes very rapidly, such as from agriculture to residential functions and industries.
* In 1767 the Dutch East entered the City
* Year 1821 position of the Government of the Netherlands in focus around the time the Brantas
* In 1824 Malaysia had a Resident Assistant
* In 1882 the houses in the western part of town was established and the town square established in the wake.
* 1 April 1914 is set as the Township Malang
* March 8, 1942 the Japanese occupied Malaysia
* 21 September 1945 entered Malang Region of the Republic of Indonesia
* July 22, 1947 the Dutch occupied Malang
* March 2, 1947 the Government of the Republic of Indonesia re-enter the city of Malang.
* January 1, 2001, the City Government of Malang.
history of East Java
East Java is a province in eastern Java, Indonesia. Its capital is Jakarta. Its area is 47,922 km ² and a population of 37,070,731 inhabitants (2005). East Java has the largest area among the six provinces in Java, and has the second largest population in Indonesia after West Java. East Java with the Java Sea bordered to the north, the Strait of Bali in the east, the Indian Ocean in the south, and west of Central Java province. East Java region also includes the island of Madura, Bawean Island, Kangean Island and a number of small islands in the Java Sea and Indian Ocean (the island of Nusa Sempu and barung).East Java is known as a center for Eastern Indonesia, and has a fairly high economic significance, which contributed 14.85% to the national Gross Domestic Product.
history east java
East Java is one of the earliest of the eight provinces in Indonesia. Other provinces of Sumatra, Borneo, West Java, Central Java, Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Lesser Sunda. The first Governor of East Java province is RMTA Surjo.
Human life as a society emerging around the 8th century, namely, with the discovery of inscriptions Dinoyo in Malang. Inscription of 760 AD It tells of many political and cultural events in the Kingdom Dinoyo. Malang name itself is estimated to come from the name of a sacred building called Malangkuseswara. The name is contained in at least one inscription, namely, that many Mantyasih inscription 907 M.
In 1222, Ken Arok Singasari establish the Kingdom. He ruled the kingdom until the year 1292. Before the ruling, Ken Arok seized power in Tumapel, Kediri, from Tungul Ametung. Singasari gives us the relics of royal temples of Dieng. Ken Arok this dynasty descendants became kings Singasari and Majapahit in the 13th century until the 15th century.
In the year 1227: Anusapati killed Ken Arok. He later became king Singasari. Anusapati power only lasted 20 years. He was killed Tohjaya. Three years later, Tohjaya killed in the uprising led by Jaya Wisnuwardhana, son Anusapati. Year 1268, Wisnuwardhana died, his throne as the king was replaced by Kertanegara Singasari (1268-1292). In 1292 knowledge, Kertanegara defeated by a rebel named Jayakatwang, then ended the power Kertanegara Singasari ending the history of the kingdom.
In 1294, the Kingdom of Majapahit stand. Its founder was Raden Wijaya. Majapahit reached its peak during the reign of Hayam Wuruk. He was accompanied by mahapatih Gajah Mada. Together these patihnya Hayam Wuruk managed to unite a large area under the name Dwipantara.
In 1357, Bubat events occurred, namely, the war between the king and the duke of Majapahit Sundanese Gajah Mada. This event stems from a desire to take the king Hayam Wuruk Sundanese princess named Dyah Pitaloka as empress. However, due to a misunderstanding about marriage procedures, the plan led to a battle in Bubat. Majapahit troops, under the leadership of duke of Gajah Mada had conquered in war Bubat Pajajaran it.
In 1389, Hayam Wuruk died. Replaced by Wikramawardhana. This era is the beginning of the fall of Majapahit. One of them caused the disappointment Hayam Wuruk other children, namely, Wirabumi. After that period, the Islamic empire began to appear. Other developments, the Europeans started coming to the archipelago and trying to build strength. In the end they applied colonialism. At the beginning of the 20th century, the royal government system is abolished, replaced by a system of residency. In the era of Japanese occupation, the resistance of the people still going on. In Blitar happen pemberontaka PETA (Defenders of the Homeland) in early 1945. The revolt was led by Supriyadi, Moeradi, Halir Mangkudijoyo, and Soemarto. Although in the end this insurgency can be quelled. But the soul of the rebellion was able to rekindle the spirit of independence to the entire people of East Java.
Two weeks after the proclamation of independence, Surabaya has had its own government and shaped resident. Residennya the first is R. Soedirman. The establishment of government in Surabaya from the dispute with Japan, and even there many battles. The reason is that at that time Japan had surrendered to the allies, are required to remain in office until such time as power is handed over to the allies.
Ridden by forces allied with the arrival of the Dutch (NICA) to Surabaya, add the hot atmosphere. The peak occurred on 10 November 1945 in which a major war between arek-arek Suroboyo against the Allies. November 10, later designated as a day of heroes.
The fighting forced the governor Suryo, on the advice of the People's Security Army (TKR), move the position of local government to Mojokerto. A week later, the government moved again to the place safer, that is, at Kadiri. But security conditions Kadiri increasingly worse until finally, in February 1947, the East Java provincial government was moved again to Malang. At the time this rule was in Malang, a change of governor, Suryo replaced by RP Suroso who was then replaced again by Dr. Moerdjani.
On July 21, 1947, though still bound by treaties and agreements Linggarjati ceasefire with effect from the date of October 14, 1946, the Dutch do I. Military Action Dutch military action menebabkan deteriorating security conditions in Malang. East Java Provincial Government finally moved back to Blitar.
Military action ends after the Renville agreement. However, this agreement negatively affects East Java, namely, the reduced territory of East Java provincial government. Holland then made the area under their control as the new state, for example, states and countries of Madura in East Java.
Amid the difficulties facing the government of Indonesia has seen a PKI rebellion in Madison on September 18, 1948. But ultimately this rebellion can be crushed by Tantara Republic of Indonesia. Dated December 19, 1948, the Dutch launched Military Action II. Blitar, who was still used as a seat of the province of East Java were attacked. Governor Dr. Moerdjani and his staff were forced to step aside and guerrillas on the slopes of Mount Willis. II ends after military action Roem-Royen agreement was reached on May 7, 1949.
Dutch withdraw its troops from East Java after held Round Table Conference (RTC) which resulted in the recognition of the sovereignty of the state charter of the Republic of Indonesia (RIS). East Java province to change the status of the state. But the people of East Java did not support the change in status. People demanded the dissolution of the state of East Java. Finally on February 25, 1950, East Java state was dissolved and became part of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. The decision to rejoin the RI was followed by the state of Madura.
Post-event G30S/PKI, East Java regional administration again falter. In 1967, R.P. Mohammad Noer office holders appointed as Provincial Governor Mohammad Wijono I replace Brig. When Mohammad Noer became acting governor, emerged a new style that has a PKI defense bases in South Blitar. After the rebellion was crushed at the end of 1968, things began to improve.
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)
